A GIS-based fire spread simulator integrating a simplified physical wildland fire model and a wind field model

[EN]This article discusses the integration of two models, namely, the Physical Forest Fire Spread (PhFFS) and the High Definition Wind Model (HDWM), into a Geographical Information System-based interface. The resulting tool automates data acquisition, preprocesses spatial data, launches the aforementioned models and displays the corresponding results in a unique environment. Our implementation uses the Python language and Esri’s ArcPy library to extend the functionality of ArcMap 10.4. The PhFFS is a simplified 2D physical wildland fire spread model based on conservation equations, with convection and radiation as heat transfer mechanisms. It also includes some 3D effects. The HDWM arises from an asymptotic approximation of the Navier–Stokes equations, and provides a 3D wind velocity field in an air layer above the terrain surface. Both models can be run in standalone or coupled mode. Finally, the simulation of a real fire in Galicia (Spain) confirms that the tool developed is efficient and fully operational.Junta de Castilla y León; Fundación General de la Universidad de Salamanc

Nuestros pueblos : juegos, canciones y tradiciones

Trabajo no publicadoEl proyecto se incluye en las actividades desarrolladas por el Centro de Formación del Profesorado e Innovación Educativa de Vitigudino (Salamanca) con la participación de un total de 11 profesores y ha sido llevado a cabo por el centro rural agrupado 'El Tomillar' de Vilar de Pedralonso en Salamanca. Los objetivos planteados son: 1) Conocer los pueblos que se integran en el centro rural agrupado; 2) Recuperar las tradiciones de nuestros pueblos y estudiar su evolución; 3) Sacar del olvido las canciones y los juegos populares de la zona, 4) Utilizar las tradiciones como medio para conocer la cultura de los pueblos y la comunidad. Las áreas curriculares que se implican en el proyecto son prácticamente todas las materias que se imparten en el centro: lenguaje, conocimiento del medio, educación artística, educación física y religión. Este proyecto surge de la necesidad de conocer los pueblos a los que pertenecen los alumnos, sus costumbres y tradiciones; para trasmitírselas y para que conociéndolas las valoren, disfruten aprendiéndolas y se enriquezcan con la cultura de sus antepasados.Junta de Castilla y LeónCastilla y LeónES

Variations in management of A3 and A4 cervical spine fractures as designated by the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System

© 2022 The authors.OBJECTIVE Optimal management of A3 and A4 cervical spine fractures, as defined by the AO Spine Subaxial Injury Classification System, remains controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine whether significant management variations exist with respect to 1) fracture location across the upper, middle, and lower subaxial cervical spine and 2) geographic region, experience, or specialty. METHODS A survey was internationally distributed to 272 AO Spine members across six geographic regions (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East). Participants’ management of A3 and A4 subaxial cervical fractures across cervical regions was assessed in four clinical scenarios. Key characteristics considered in the vignettes included degree of neurological deficit, pain severity, cervical spine stability, presence of comorbidities, and fitness for surgery. Respondents were also directly asked about their preferences for operative management and misalignment acceptance across the subaxial cervical spine. RESULTS In total, 155 (57.0%) participants completed the survey. Pooled analysis demonstrated that surgeons were more likely to offer operative intervention for both A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures located at the cervicothoracic junction compared with fractures at the upper or middle subaxial cervical regions. There were no significant variations in management for junctional incomplete (p = 0.116) or complete (p = 0.342) burst fractures between geographic regions. Surgeons with more than 10 years of experience were more likely to operatively manage A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures than their younger counterparts. Neurosurgeons were more likely to offer surgical stabilization of A3 (p < 0.001) and A4 (p < 0.001) fractures than their orthopedic colleagues. Clinicians from both specialties agreed regarding their preference for fixation of lower junctional A3 (p = 0.866) and A4 (p = 0.368) fractures. Overall, surgical fixation was recommended more often for A4 than A3 fractures in all four scenarios (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The subaxial cervical spine should not be considered a single unified entity. Both A3 and A4 fracture subtypes were more likely to be surgically managed at the cervicothoracic junction than the upper or middle subaxial cervical regions. The authors also determined that treatment strategies for A3 and A4 subaxial cervical spine fractures varied significantly, with the latter demonstrating a greater likelihood of operative management. These findings should be reflected in future subaxial cervical spine trauma algorithms.N